[A pdf version of this report is available here.]
Executive Summary
The Center for Radically Inclusive Judaism (CFRIJ) conducted a survey of Reform Synagogue Interfaith Inclusion Policies and Practices in October and November 2019. Responses to the survey were received from 418 congregations, representing just under 50% of the 843 member congregations of the Union for Reform Judaism (URJ). Key findings include:
Leadership Roles
- Congregational by-laws permit partners from different faith traditions to chair some committees in 55% of congregations, serve as members of the board in 43%, and serve as officers (not necessarily including president) in 21%. Currently, 41% of congregations have such partners serving as chairs of committees, 24% as members of the board, and 13% as officers.
Ritual Participation
- In 32% of congregations, members of a different faith are not permitted to lead the lighting of Shabbat and holiday candles during services; 68% of congregations report they are allowed to do so (but not necessarily on their own).
- In 77% of congregations, a b’nai mitzvah child’s parent of a different faith is allowed to say a prayer from the bimah at the b’nai mitzvah; in 70%, to have or join in an Aliyah (not necessarily alone, or to say the words of the Torah blessing).
- In 88% of congregations, a Torah is passed to a b’nai mitzvah child; in 78% of those, the Torah is passed including by relatives from different faiths, in 22% only by Jewish relatives.
Dual Education
- In the religious school of 20% of congregations, some children are receiving formal religious education in another religion; in 80%, they are not (as far as a number of survey respondents said they knew).
Lifecycle Officiation
- In 10% of congregations, the clergy neither officiate or co-officiate at weddings of interfaith couples; in 22% some or all of the clergy co-officiate, and in 88% some or all officiate. Responses to open-ended questions reveal a range of conditions on officiation and definitional issues on co-officiation, discussed below.
Messaging, Programming and Training
- On their congregation’s website, 25% have links that provide Jewish resources specifically for interfaith families, and 18% publish their policies and practices with regard to interfaith families in terms of leadership and ritual participation.
- In 40% of congregations, programs are offered that address issues that relate particularly to interfaith families; 12% have an affinity group for interfaith families and 14% have a committee that addresses engaging interfaith families.
- Only 13% of congregations provide training for professional staff, and 10% for lay leaders, on how to serve the specific needs of interfaith families; in 83%, such training is not provided.
- Responses to open-ended questions, discussed below, indicate that many congregations felt that programming and training that had been needed in the past was not any longer, while others said they were “working on” or “could do better” with interfaith inclusion.
Report
Methodology
The Center for Radically Inclusive Judaism (CFRIJ) conducted a survey of Reform Synagogue Interfaith Inclusion Policies and Practices in October and November 2019. The Center compiled a list of email addresses of the rabbis and presidents of Reform synagogues by consulting the Union for Reform Judaism (URJ) Congregation Directory, https://urj.org/congregations, which lists 843 member congregations, and searching the websites of those congregations; in all, email addresses were found for either rabbis, presidents or other staff or lay leaders of 761 congregations. Invitations to take the survey were sent by email to the list of rabbis and presidents on October 28, 2019, November 11, 2019 and November 18, 2019.
Responses to the survey were received from 418 congregations, representing 49.6% of the URJ’s 843 member congregations. A list of the congregations that responded is attached as Exhibit 1. One response was submitted after the survey closed.
A total of 385 responses are analyzed in this report. The survey introduction and email invitations indicated that only one response would be counted for each congregation. There were two responses for thirty-two congregations that were so inconsistent that neither is included in the data analyzed in this report.
The responses analyzed in this report come from congregations which fairly closely parallel the size in terms of number of households of URJ congregations as a whole, with some skewing away from smaller congregation and towards larger ones:
Size of Congregation (households) | % of 843 URJ congregations (per URJ staff) | % of 385 survey responses |
150 or less | 41% | 29% |
151-599 | 43% | 50% |
600-999 | 10% | 14% |
1000+ | 6% | 7% |
The survey asked questions about membership and leadership; ritual participation; dual education; lifecycle officiation; and messaging, programming and training. Each section of questions included an open-ended question in which respondents could explain or comment on their answers.
Questions on Membership and Leadership Roles
The by-laws of 79% of responding congregations count partners from different faith traditions as full voting members, but with respect to leadership positions, 55% permit them to serve as chairs of some committees; 43% to serve as members of the board; 37% to serve as chairs of all committees; and 21% to serve as officers. Of responding congregations, 41% have partners from different faith traditions who actually serve as chairs of committees; 24%, as members of the board; and 13% as officers.
Of the twenty-one congregations that permit partners from different faith traditions to serve as officers, optional open-ended comments from eleven said that the president had to be Jewish, and another 4 said that the president and one or more other specific officer positions had to be held by Jews.
Questions on Ritual Participation
Sixty-eight percent of congregations permit members of a different faith to lead the lighting of Shabbat and holiday candles during services; 32% do not.
Of the 260 congregations that permit the leading of candle lighting, seventeen responses to optional open-ended questions clarified that members of a different faith were not allowed to do so on their own.
Congregations were asked whether parents of a different faith of a b’nai mitzvah child were permitted to have or join in an Aliyah, and to say a prayer from the bimah. Five percent permit neither, 77% permit a prayer, and 70% permit an Aliyah, as follows:
# | % of 385 | |
Neither | 21 | 5% |
Prayer | ||
Prayer and Aliyah | 203 | 53% |
Prayer, not Aliyah | 94 | 24% |
Total Prayer | 297 | 77% |
Aliyah | ||
Prayer and Aliyah | 203 | 53% |
Aliyah, not Prayer | 67 | 17% |
Total Aliyah | 270 | 70% |
Of the 270 congregations that permit an Aliyah, responses to optional open-ended questions included fifteen comments that clarified that the parent of a different faith was allowed only to join in an Aliyah with the Jewish parents, as well as eleven comments that the parent of a different faith was not permitted to say the words of the Torah blessing.
Eighty-eight percent of congregations responded that during b’nai mitzvah services they pass a Torah to the b’nai mitzvah child. In 78% of those congregations, the Torah is passed by relatives from different faiths; in 22%, it is passed only by Jewish relatives.
Seventy-eight percent of congregations celebrate conversions during regular worship services; 22% do not.
Of congregations that have or control a section of a cemetery, 88% allow partners of a different faith to be buried alongside their Jewish partner anywhere in the cemetery; 12%, in a cemetery section designated for interfaith families.
Question on Dual Education
Twenty percent of congregations responded that they have children in their religious school who are receiving formal religious education in another religion; 80% do not. Of the latter, responses to optional open-ended questions included twenty-four comments along the lines of “not that we know of,” “there may be some,” and “we don’t encourage it,” as well as seven comments along the lines of “we don’t have a formal policy,” “we allow it but it hasn’t happened/isn’t happening now,” and “we no longer ask.”
Questions on Lifecycle Officiation
Congregations were asked whether some or all of their clergy officiated or co-officiated at weddings of interfaith couples. Ten percent said neither, 22% said some or all of their clergy co-officiate, and 88% said some or all officiate, as follows:
# | % of 385 | |
Neither | 40 | 10% |
Officiate | ||
Officiate and co-officiate | 78 | 20% |
Officiate, not co-officiate | 261 | 68% |
Total Officiate | 339 | 88% |
Co-officiate | ||
Officiate and co-officiate | 78 | 20% |
Co-officiate, not officiate | 6 | 2% |
Total co-officiate | 84 | 22% |
Ninety-four percent of congregations permit weddings of interfaith couples to be held in their sanctuaries; 6% do not.
Responses to optional open-ended questions on lifecycle officiation covered a broad range:
- A number of responses were along the lines of “it’s up to the rabbi”
- Some said the rabbi did not officiate, or did not but offered ritual and pastoral support for couples to craft meaningful ceremonies
- One comment from Canada said an aufruf could take place but “no Reform rabbi in our community officiates”
- Some comments were that some of the congregation’s clergy did and some didn’t
- Many comments indicated that the rabbi officiated with conditions such as “if the family will be a Jewish family,” or “if Judaism will be the only religion of the home, any children will be raised as Jews, and the non-Jewish partner has had formal or informal education about Judaism”
- One comment said the rabbi would not co-officiate in the sanctuary but would at another location; one said that the rabbi did not do a “full co-officiation” but would allow clergy of other faiths to offer a blessing at wedding he officiates; one rabbi said they prefer not to co-officiate but would if the non-Jewish clergy person agreed to religiously neutral content “(saying ‘God’ and not ‘Jesus’ for example, in their prayers)”
- One comment was that “Our congregation is in transition. While historically the answer would have been ‘NO’ the congregation is seeking to make the answer ‘YES’ in the future.”
Questions on Messaging, Programming and Training
On their congregation’s website:
- 66% regularly translate Hebrew words and “insider phrases” (e.g. AIPAC, Bubbe, etc.)
- 55% include images of interfaith families incorporating Judaism in their lives
- 25% have links that provide Jewish resources specifically for interfaith families
- 18% publish their policies and practices with regard to interfaith families (in terms of leadership and governance, ritual participation, etc.)
- 16% have none of the above.
Of responding congregations:
- 40% offer programs that address issues that relate particularly to interfaith families
- 24% have had keynote speakers speak to the entire congregation about issues facing interfaith families in synagogues and Jewish life
- 14% have a committee that addresses engaging interfaith families
- 12% have an affinity group for interfaith families
- 46% have none of the above.
Seventy-two percent of congregations advertise outside of their congregation that they welcome interfaith families; 28% do not.
Thirteen percent of congregations provide training for their professional staff on how to serve the specific needs of interfaith families; 10% provide such training for lay leaders; 83% do not provide such training.
Seventy-nine percent of congregations have not done a community organizing or listening campaign specifically involving interfaith families to better understand their needs and how their synagogue can serve them; 21% have.
Responses to the optional open-ended questions on messaging, programming and training fell into two groups. More than thirty comments were along the lines of interfaith inclusion is “part of everything we do,” or “in our DNA;” that interfaith families did not want to be “singled out” or “segregated” or “otherized” or “targeted;” and that programming and/or training had happened in the past but had “run its course” or “fizzled” or “lost steam” for “lack of expressed interest.” Fifteen comments, on the other hand, were to the effect that the congregation was currently “working on it,” “on the verge” of working on it, or “could do better;” three comments indicated the congregations were currently participating in InterfaithFamily’s Interfaith Inclusion Leadership Initiative.
Discussion
Interpretation of the significance of of the data yielded by this survey depends to a large extent on the interpreter’s perspective with respect to inclusion of interfaith families. The same data can be stated in ways that emphasize permission or restriction; for example, 40% of congregations permit X, or, 60% of congregations do not permit X. In turn, whether or not it is appropriate or advisable to permit or not permit X depends on one’s fundamental views: about Judaism – whether it is a system for those who are Jewish or also those who do Jewish; about the relative importance of maintaining boundaries, on the one hand, and engaging interfaith families in Jewish life, on the other; and about whether restriction or permission will lead to interfaith family engagement.
Leadership positions continue to be restricted to Jewish synagogue members. In only 43% of congregations can partners from different faith traditions serve as board members. In only 21% can they serve as officers; that figure overstates by some degree the percentage who can serve as president, a question which future research could clarify.
In 1999, Rabbi Eric Yoffie, then head of the Reform movement, wrote in Reform Judaism magazine that “We all understand that those who have not converted cannot participate in certain rituals.” The survey data reveal a quite dramatic erosion in that understanding, with 70% of congregations allowing parents from different faith traditions to have or join in an Aliyah at the b’nai mitzvah of their children. However, further research is needed to clarify how many congregations allow partners from a different faith tradition to have an Aliyah and recite the words of the Torah blessings by themselves, as opposed to only with a Jewish partner, and even then, only present and not reciting the blessing.
From a maximalist inclusion perspective, while it is heartening that 68% of congregations allow members of a different faith to lead candle lighting, it is disheartening that 32% do not. The same can be said about 78% of congregations where a Torah is passed during b’nai mitzvah services including relatives from different faiths, vs. 22% that do not.
The survey finding that 20% of congregations have children in their religious school who are receiving formal religious education in another religion could be viewed as consistent with a finding of the 2013 Pew Report, A Portrait of American Jews, that said that 25% of interfaith families were raising their children partly Jewish and partly something else. It could also raise a question about re-evaluation of the URJ’s policy that Reform religious schools should offer enrollment only to children who are not receiving other formal religious education. The survey’s open-ended responses revealed a range from adhering to that policy, to having adhered to it in the past but not any longer, to expressing a preference but not having a policy. One open-ended response:
I have one or two kids of interfaith families that I am trying to get to attend our religious school … even though they … might attend church or church-school in the future. It is my belief that our programs are so dynamic, so Jewish-value driven, holiday-centric and community-oriented that it is extremely important that these kids and their families get a powerful Jewish education no matter what else they are exposed to I have faith in our programs to build a solid Jewish identity and meaningful launch to a life filled with tikkun olam, to empower the kids and families.
The survey findings that the clergy in 10% of congregations do not officiate or co-officiate at weddings of interfaith couples, while 22% have some or all clergy who co-officiate and 88% who officiate, are consistent with InterfaithFamily’s 2017 Survey on Rabbinic Officiation for Interfaith Couples, which found that 85% of CCAR (and RRA) members would officiate and 25% co-officiate for interfaith couples. From a maximalist inclusion perspective, the finding that 94% of congregations permit weddings of interfaith couples in their sanctuary is heartening.
As noted in the report, in thirty-two instances where more than one representative of a congregation responded to the survey, the multiple responses were so inconsistent that data from that congregation was not analyzed. The multiple responses were inconsistent in significant ways, with rabbis and presidents, rabbis and executive directors, and in one instance two rabbis, providing different answers as to leadership positions, participation in b’nai mitzvah services, and officiation practices, among others. Perhaps not coincidentally, one of the striking findings of the survey is that only 18% of congregations publish on their websites their policies and practices with regard to leadership and ritual participation by interfaith families. One open-ended response said, “while we do not publish our policies, they are available for any congregant to see in a special binder in our Temple office.” Taken together, all of this suggests that congregations may not be talking explicitly and effectively enough about their interfaith inclusion policies.
Finally, the open-ended responses to the survey questions about programming and training suggest a divide between congregations that feel that they are very welcoming and no longer need to make programming or training efforts, even if they have in the past, and those who feel that they could do better and are wanting to address interfaith inclusion more effectively. One open-ended response of the former said:
Our congregation is probably about 1/4 to 1/3 interfaith families (the percentage is probably higher in the religious school families). Until 7 or so years ago, we did do some programming that was intended for interfaith families, but we stopped doing so when people stopped coming. We discontinued our “Outreach” Committee around the same time, as we had heard that interfaith folks didn’t feel unwelcome, and the committee made them feel singled out…. Since we make a point of trying to include folks in most things, I think we have been fairly successful in integrating non-Jewish family. Only saying the Candle/Torah blessings is not open to non-Jews. When an interfaith family considers joining, or has joined, the rabbi has an open and respectful conversation with them; we are committed to helping the family raise Jewish kids, regardless of the religious affiliation of both parents, and that is the message we deliver in the Religious School as well. No non-Jewish member has asked to be put on the Board … though there are committees on which non-Jewish members do serve as committee members.
On the other hand, one open-ended response said, about the questions on messaging, programming and training:
This particular section is very informative – we tout ourselves as being incredibly inclusive of interfaith families, and I think we are, once you find your way in the door, but we don’t offer any resources or educational materials or advertisement about it. Helpful mirror, thank you!
* * * * *
The Center will provide a link and a password to the underlying survey data upon request; if you are interested, please send an email requesting access to info@cfrij.com.
Appendix 1
Participating Congregations
Adat Chaverim | Plano, TX |
Adath Emanu-El | Mt Laurel, NJ |
Agudas Achim Congregation | Coralville, Iowa |
Agudas Israel Congregation | Hendersonville NC |
Am Shalom Congregation | Barrie, ON |
Anshe Chesed Fairmount Temple | Beachwood, OH |
Aspen Jewish Congregation | Aspen/Roaring Fork Valley, Colorado |
B’nai Israel | Southbury, CT |
B’nai Israel Reform Temple | Oakdale, NY |
B’nai Israel Synagogue | Grand Forks, ND |
B’nai Israel Synagogue | Rochester, MN |
B’nai Sholom | Huntington, WV |
B’nai Zion Congregation | Shreveport, LA |
B’er Chayim Temple | Cumberland, MD |
Baltimore Hebrew Congregation | Baltimore, MD |
Barnert Temple | Franklin Lakes |
Beit Ahavah ~ The Reform Synagogue of Greater Northampton | Florence, MA |
Beit Haverim | Lake Oswego, OR |
Bet Aviv | Columbia MD |
Bet Chaverim | Des Moines, WA |
Bet Shalom Congregation | Minnetonka, MN |
Beth Chaverim Reform Congregation | Ashburn, VA |
Beth Chayim Chadishim | Los Angeles, CA |
Beth David Reform Congregation | Gladwyne, PA |
Beth El | Bradenton, FL |
Beth El Congregation | Winchester, VA |
Beth El Congregation | Fort Worth, TX |
Beth El Temple Center | Belmont, MA |
Beth Emet the Free Synagogue | Evanston, IL |
Beth Hillel Temple | Kenosha, WI |
Beth Israel | Sun City Center, FL |
Beth Israel – The West Temple | Cleveland, OH |
Beth Israel Congregation | Florence, SC |
Beth Shalom Synagogue | Baton Rouge, LA |
Beth Tefilloh | Brunswick,GA |
Beth Tikvah Congregation | Hoffman Estates, IL |
Bolton Street Synagogue | Baltimore, MD |
Central Reform congregation | St. Louis Missouri |
Central Synagogue | New York, NY |
Chicago Sinai Congregation | Chicago, IL |
Community Synagogue of Rye | Rye, NY |
Congregation Beth Shalom of The Woodlands | The Woodlands, TX |
Congregation Agudas Achim | Livingston Manor, NY |
Congregation Ahavath Beth Israel | Boise, ID |
Congregation Anshai Emeth | Peoria, IL |
Congregation Betenu | Amherst, NH |
Congregation B’nai Abraham | Hagerstown, MD |
Congregation B’nai Harim | Pocono Pines, PA |
Congregation B’nai Israel | Baton Rouge, LA |
Congregation B’nai Israel | Jackson, TN |
Congregation B’nai Israel | Sacramento, CA |
Congregation B’nai Jehoshua Beth Elohim | Deerfield, IL |
Congregation B’nai Jeshurun | Short Hills, NJ |
Congregation B’nai Torah | Sudbury, MA |
Congregation B’nai Torah | Westminster, CO |
Congregation B’nai Yisrael | Armonk, NY |
Congregation B’nai B’rith | Santa Barbara, CA |
Congregation B’nai Israel | Boca Raton, FL |
Congregation B’nai Israel | Little Rock, AR |
Congregation B’nai Tzedek | Fountain Valley, CA |
Congregation Bene Shalom | Skokie, Il |
Congregation Bet Ha’am | South Portland, ME |
Congregation Beth Ahabah | Richmond VA |
Congregation Beth Am | Buffalo Grove, IL |
Congregation Beth Am | Los Altos Hills, CA |
Congregation Beth Am | Tampa, FL |
Congregation Beth El | Bangor, ME |
Congregation Beth El | Berkeley, CA |
Congregation Beth El | Sudbury, MA |
Congregation Beth El | Tyler, TX |
Congregation Beth Elohim | Brooklyn, NY |
Congregation Beth Emeth | Albany, NY |
Congregation Beth Emeth | Wilmington DE |
Congregation Beth Israel | Bellingham, WA |
Congregation Beth Israel | Carmel, CA |
Congregation Beth Israel | Charlottesville, VA |
Congregation Beth Israel | Colleyville, TX |
Congregation Beth Israel | Houston, TX |
Congregation Beth Israel | North Adams, MA |
Congregation Beth Israel | Portland, OR |
Congregation Beth Israel | San Diego, CA |
Congregation Beth Israel | Scottsdale, AZ |
Congregation Beth Or | Maple Glen, PA |
Congregation Beth Shalom | Anchorage, AK |
Congregation Beth Shalom | Bozeman, MT |
Congregation Beth Shalom | Brandon, FL |
Congregation Beth Shalom | Carmel, IN |
Congregation Beth Shalom | Carmichael, CA |
Congregation Beth Shalom | Traverse City, MI |
Congregation Beth Shalom Rodfe Zedek | Chester, CT |
Congregation Beth Tikvah | Worthington, OH |
Congregation Bnai Shalom | Westborough MA |
Congregation Brit Shalom | State College, PA |
Congregation Emanu El | Redlands, CA |
Congregation Emanu-El | San Francisco, California |
Congregation Emanu-El | Spokane, WA |
Congregation Emanu-El B’ne Jeshurun | Milwaukee, WI |
Congregation Emanu-El of Westchester | Rye, NY |
Congregation Emeth | Morgan Hill/Gilroy, CA |
Congregation Etz Chaim | Lombard, IL |
Congregation Etz Chaim | Monroe Township, PA |
Congregation Gates of Heaven | Schenectady, NY |
Congregation Gemiluth Chassodim | Alexandria, LA |
Congregation Hakafa | Glencoe, IL |
Congregation Har HaShem | Boulder, CO |
Congregation House of Israel | Hot Springs, AR |
Congregation Keneseth Israel | Allentown, PA |
Congregation Kol Ami | Elkins Park, PA |
Congregation Kol Ami | Flower Mound, TX |
Congregation Kol Ami | Kirkland, WA |
Congregation Kol Ami | Vancouver, WA |
Congregation Kol Ami | West Hollywood, CA |
Congregation Kol Shalom | Bainbridge Island, WA |
Congregation Kol Tikvah | Parkland, FL |
Congregation Micah | Brentwood, TN |
Congregation Mickve Israel | Savannah, GA |
Congregation Mishkan Israel | Hamden, CT |
Congregation Ner Shalom | Woodbridge, VA |
Congregation Or Ami | Calabasas, CA |
Congregation Or Ami | Lafayette Hill, PA |
Congregation Or Ami | Richmond, VA |
Congregation Or Chadash | Damascus, MD |
Congregation Or Chadash | Tucson, AZ |
Congregation Rodef Sholom | San Rafael, CA |
Congregation Rodef Sholom | Youngstown, OH |
Congregation Rodeph Sholom | New York City |
Congregation Sha’are Shalom | Waldorf, MD |
Congregation Sha’aray Shalom | Hingham, MA |
Congregation Shaarai Shomayim | Lancaster, PA |
Congregation Shaarey Zedek | East Lansing, MI |
Congregation Shalom | Milwaukee, WI |
Congregation Shir Ami | Cedar Park, TX |
Congregation Shir Chadash | Lagrange, NY |
Congregation Shir Ha-Ma’a lot | Irvine, CA |
Congregation Shir Hadash | Los Gatos, CA |
Congregation Shir Shalom | Willilamsville, NY |
Congregation Shir Shalom of Westchester and Fairfield Counties | Ridgefield, CT |
Congregation Shir Tikvah | Troy, MI |
Congregation Shomrei Torah | Santa Rosa, CA |
Congregation Sukkat Shalom | Juneau, AK |
Congregation Sukkat Shalom | Wilmette, IL |
Congregation Temple Israel | St. Louis, MO |
Congregation Tikkun v’Or | Ithaca, NY |
Congrgation Beth Chaim | Princeton Junction, NJ |
Convregation Adas Emuno | Leonia, NJ |
East End Temple | New York, NY |
Emanuel Congregation | Chicago, Il |
Etz Hayim Synagogue | Derry, NH |
Falmouth Jewish Congregation | East Falmouth, MA |
Free Synagogue of Flushing | Flushing, NY |
FVJC Emek Shalom | Simsbury, CT |
Gishrei Shalom Jewish Congregation | Southington, CT |
Har Sinai – Oheb Shalom Congregation | Baltimore, MD |
Hebrew Congregation of St. Thomas | St. Thomas, USVI |
Hebrew Tabernacle | New York, NY |
Hevreh of Southern Berkshire | Great Barrington, MA |
Holy Blossom Temple | Toronto, ON |
Houston Congregation for Reform Judaism | Houston, TX |
Indianapolis Hebrew Congregation | Indianapolis, IN |
Isaac M. Wise Temple | Cincinnati, OH |
Judea Reform Congregation | Durham, NC |
K. K. Bene Israel – Rockdale Temple | Cincinnati, OH |
Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim | Charleston, SC |
KAM Isaiah Israel | Chicago, IL |
Kol HaNeshamah | Seattle, WA |
Kol Haverim | Glastonbury, CT |
Kolot Mayim Reform Temple | Victoria BC |
Kol Tikvah | Woodland Hills, CA |
Main Line Reform Temple | Wynnewood, PA |
Makom Solel Lakeside | Highland Park, IL |
Martha’s Vineyard Hebrew Center | Vineyard Haven, MA |
Moses Montefiore Congregation | Bloomington, Illinois |
Mount Sinai Congregation | Wausau, WI |
Mount Zion Temple | St. Paul, MN |
North Country Reform Temple | Glen Cove, MY |
North Tahoe Hebrew Congregation | Tahoe Vista, Ca |
Northern Virginia Hebrew Congregation | Reston, VA |
Old York Road Temple-Beth Am | Abington, PA |
Or Chadash | Flemington, NJ |
Peninsula Temple Beth El | San Mateo, CA |
Peninsula Temple Sholom | Burlingame, CA |
Philipstown Reform synagogue | Cold Spring, NY |
Port Jewish Center | Port Washington, NY |
Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel | Elkins Park, PA |
Reform Congregation Oheb Sholom | Reading, PA |
Reform Temple of Putnam Valley | Putnam Valley, NY |
Reform Temple of Rockland | Upper Nyack, NY |
Rodef Shalom Congregation | Pittsburgh, PA |
Scarsdale Synagogue | Scarsdale, NY |
Schaarai Zedek | Tampa, FL |
Sha’ar Zahav | San Franciso, CA |
Sha’arai Shomayim | Mobile, AL |
Shaarei Beth El Congregation | Oakville, ON |
Sherith Israel | San Francisco, CA |
Shir Tikvah | Frisco, TX |
Sinai Temple | Michigan City, IN |
Solel | Mississauga, ON |
Stephen Wise Temple | Los Angeles, CA |
Temple Adas Shalom | Havre de Grace, MD |
Temple Adat Elohim | Thousand Oaks, CA |
Temple Adat Shalom | Poway, CA |
Temple Adath Bnai Israel | Evansville, IN |
Temple Adath Israel | Lexington, KY |
Temple Adath Yeshurun | Manchester, NH |
Temple Ahavat Shalom | Northridge, CA |
Temple Ahavat Shalom | Palm Harbor, FL |
Temple Anshe Hesed | Erie, PA |
Temple Anshe Sholom | Hamilton, ON |
Temple Anshe Sholom | Olympia Fields, IL |
Temple Avodah | Oceanside, NY |
Temple B’nai Abraham | Elyria, OH |
Temple B’nai Israel | Kalamazoo, MI |
Temple B’nai Israel | Laconia, NH |
Temple B’nai Israel | Monroe, LA |
Temple B’nai Or | Morristown, NJ |
Temple B’nai Shalom | Fairfax Station, VA |
Temple B’nai Torah | Bellevue, WA |
Temple B’nai Torah | Wantagh, NY |
Temple B’nai Israel | Petoskey, MI |
Temple B’nai Israel | White Oak, PA |
Temple Bat Yahm | Newport Beach, CA |
Temple Bat Yam | South Lake Tahoe, CA |
Temple Bat Yam of East Fort Lauderdale | Fort Lauderdale, FL |
Temple Beit Torah | Colorado Springs, CO |
Temple Beth Abraham | Tarrytown, NY |
Temple Beth Am | Framingham, MA |
Temple Beth Am | Jupiter, FL |
Temple Beth Am | Miami, FL |
Temple Beth Am | Seattle, WA |
Temple Beth Am | Yorktown, NY |
Temple Beth Avodah | Newton, MA |
Temple Beth El | Bloomfield Hills, MI |
Temple Beth El | Boca Raton, FL |
Temple Beth El | Charlotte, NC |
Temple beth el | Dubuque, IA |
Temple Beth El | Fargo, ND |
Temple Beth El | Fort Myers, FL |
Temple Beth El | Huntington, NY |
Temple Beth El | Jefferson City, MO |
Temple Beth El | Knoxville, TN |
Temple Beth El | Munster, IN |
Temple Beth El | Odessa, TX |
Temple Beth El | Riverside, CA |
Temple Beth El | Tacoma, WA |
Temple Beth El Bradenton Florida | Bradenton, FL |
Temple Beth El of Aptos | Aptos (Santa Cruz), CA |
Temple Beth El of NW | Chappaqua, NY |
Temple Beth El of South Orange County | Aliso Viejo, CA |
Temple Beth El, Muncie | Muncie, Indiana |
Temple Beth Emeth | Ann Arbor, MI |
Temple Beth Israel | Fresno, CA |
Temple Beth Israel | Plattsburgh, NY |
Temple Beth Israel | Pomona, CA |
Temple Beth Israel | Skokie, IL |
Temple Beth Israel | York, PA |
Temple Beth Jacob | Concord, NH |
Temple Beth Ohr | La Mirada, CA |
Temple Beth Or | Dayton, OH |
Temple Beth Or | Montgomery, AL |
Temple Beth Or | Raleigh, NC |
Temple Beth Shalom | Arnold, MD |
Temple Beth Shalom | Austin, TX |
Temple Beth Shalom | Hudson, OH |
Temple Beth Shalom | Jackson Springs, NC |
Temple Beth Shalom | Melrose, MA |
Temple Beth Shalom | Needham, MA |
Temple Beth Shalom | Winter Haven, FL |
Temple Beth Shalom of the West Valley | Sun City, AZ |
Temple Beth Sholom | Marquette, MI |
Temple Beth Sholom | Santa Ana, CA |
Temple Beth Tikvah | Bend, OR |
Temple Beth Tikvah | Roswell GA |
Temple Beth Tikvah | Wayne, NJ |
Temple Beth Torah | Melville, NY |
Temple Beth Torah | Ridgecrest, CA |
Temple Beth Torah | Ventura, CA |
Temple Beth Torah | Wellington, FL |
Temple Beth Zion | Buffalo, NY |
Temple Beth-El | Jersey City, NJ |
Temple Beth-El | Northbrook, IL |
Temple Beth-El | Providence, RI |
Temple Beth-El | San Antonio, TX |
Temple Beth-El | San Pedro, CA |
Temple Beth-El | South Bend, IN |
Temple Beth-El | St Petersburg, FL |
Temple Brith Achim | King of Prussia, PA |
Temple Chai | Long Grove, IL |
Temple Chaverim | Plainview, NY |
Temple Concord | Syracuse New York |
Temple David | Monroeville, PA |
Temple Dor Dorim | Weston, FL |
Temple Emanu El | Cleveland, OH |
Temple Emanu-El | Honolulu, HI |
Temple Emanu-El | Marblehead, MA |
Temple Emanu-El | Oak Park, MI |
Temple Emanu-El | San Jose, CA |
Temple Emanu-El | Toronto, ON |
Temple Emanu-El | Tucson, AZ |
Temple Emanu-El | Utica, NY |
Temple Emanu-El | Westfield, NJ |
Temple Emanu-El Dallas | Dallas, TX |
Temple Emanu-El of Greater Atlanta | Atlanta, GA |
Temple Emanu-El of San Diego | San Diego, CA |
Temple Emanu-El of Tuscaloosa, Inc. | Tuscaloosa, AL |
Temple Emanu-El-Beth Sholom | Montreal, QE |
Temple Emanuel | Birmingham, AL |
Temple Emanuel | Cherry Hill, NJ |
Temple Emanuel | Davenport, IA |
Temple Emanuel | Denver, CO |
Temple Emanuel | Grand Rapids, MI |
Temple Emanuel | Kensington, MD |
Temple Emanuel | St. Louis, MO |
Temple Emanuel | Winston Salem |
Temple Emanuel of Beverly Hills | Beverly Hills, CA |
Temple Emanuel of Greater New Haven | Orange, CT |
Temple Emanuel of South Hills | Pittsburgh, PA |
Temple Emanuel of Tempe | Tempe, AZ |
Temple Emanuel of the Merrimack Valley | Lowell, MA |
Temple Emeth | Teaneck, NJ |
Temple Har Shalom | Park City, UT |
Temple Har Zion | Thornhill, ON |
Temple Hesed | Scranton, PA |
Temple House of Israel | Staunton, VA |
Temple Isaiah | Fulton, MD |
Temple Isaiah | Lafayette, CA |
Temple Isaiah | Lexington, MA |
Temple Isaiah | Stony Brook, NY |
Temple Isaiah of Great Neck | Great Neck, NY |
Temple Israel | Akron, OH |
Temple Israel | Canton, OH |
Temple Israel | Charleston, WV |
Temple Israel | Columbus, OH |
Temple Israel | Duluth, MN |
Temple Israel | Omaha, NE |
Temple Israel | Schulenburg, TX |
Temple Israel | Tulsa, OK |
Temple Israel | West Lafayette, IN |
Temple Israel | Westport, CT |
Temple Israel Boston | Boston, MA |
Temple Israel of Catskill | Catskill, NY |
Temple Israel of Greater Miami | Miami, FL |
Temple Israel of Hollywood | Los Angeles, CA |
Temple Israel of London | London, ON |
Temple Israel of Long Beach | Long Beach, CA |
Temple Israel of Northern Westchester | Croton-on-Hudson, NY |
Temple Jeremiah | Northfield, IL |
Temple Judah | Cedar Rapids, IA |
Temple Judea | Coral Gables, FL |
Temple Judea | Palm Beach Gardens, FL |
Temple Judea | Tarzana, CA |
Temple Judea of Bucks County | Furlong, PA |
Temple Judea Of Manhasset | Manhasset, NY |
Temple Kehillat Chaim | Roswell, GA |
Temple Kol Emeth | Marietta, GA |
Temple Micah | Denver, CO |
Temple Micah | Washington, DC |
Temple Mount Sinai | El Paso, TX |
Temple Ner Tamid | Bloomfield, NJ |
Temple Ohev Sholom | Harrisburg, PA |
Temple Rodef Shalom | Falls Church, VA |
Temple Rodeph Torah | Marlboro, NJ |
Temple Shaarei Shalom | Boynton Beach, FL |
Temple Shaarey Shalom | Springfield, NJ |
Temple Shalom | Aberdeen, NJ |
Temple Shalom | Chevy Chase, MD |
Temple Shalom | Dallas, TX |
Temple Shalom | Waterloo, ON |
Temple Shalom Emeth | Burlington, MA |
Temple Shalom of Newton | W Newton, MA |
Temple Shalom of Northwest Arkansas | Fayetteville, AR |
Temple Shir Shalom | Gainesville, FL |
Temple Shir Shalom | Oviedo, FL |
Temple Shir Shalom | West Bloomfield, MI |
Temple Shir Tikva | Wayland, MA |
Temple Shir Tikvah | Winchester, MA |
Temple Sholom | Monticello, NY |
Temple Sholom | New Milford, CT |
Temple Sholom | Scotch Plains, NJ |
Temple Sholom | Vancouver, BC |
Temple Sholom in Broomall | Broomall, PA |
Temple Sholom of Chicago | Chicago, IL |
Temple Sinai | Washington, DC |
Temple Sinai | Atlanta, GA |
Temple Sinai | Cranston, RI |
Temple Sinai | Houston, TX |
Temple Sinai | Las Vegas, NV |
Temple Sinai | Newington, CT |
Temple Sinai | Newport News, VA |
Temple Sinai | Oakland, CA |
Temple Sinai | Pittsburgh, PA |
Temple Sinai | Reno, NV |
Temple Sinai | Sarasota, FL |
Temple Sinai | Sharon, MA |
Temple Sinai | Stamford, CT |
Temple Sinai Brookline | Brookline, MA |
Temple Sinai Congregation | Toronto, ON |
Temple Sinai of Bergen County | Tenafly, NY |
Temple Sinai of North Dade | North Miami Beach, FL |
Temple Solel | Hollywood, FL |
Temple Solel | Paradise Valley, AZ |
Temple Solel | Cardiff, CA |
Temple Solel SC | Fort Mill, SC |
Temple Tiferet Shalom | Peabody, MA |
The Community Synagogue | Port Washington, NY |
The New Reform Temple | Kansas City, MO |
The Reform Temple of Forest Hills | Forest Hills, NY |
The Santa Monica Synagogue | Santa Monica, CA |
The Temple | Atlanta, GA |
The Temple | Louisville, KY |
The Temple – Congregation Ohabai Sholom | Nashville, TN |
The Valley Temple | Cincinnati, OH |
Tree of Life Congregation | Columbia, SC |
United Hebrew Congregation | Fort Smith, AR |
United Hebrew Congregation | St. Louis, MO |
United Jewish Center | Danbury, CT |
Vassar Temple | Poughkeepsie, NY |
Washington Hebrew Congregation | Washington, DC |
Woodlands Community Temple | Greenburgh, NY |